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Breaking barriers: The ultimate guide to accessibility testing

Accessibility isn’t just a nice-to-have – it’s a must. 

You need to make sure your digital content is accessible. And that means you have to break down barriers that prevent people with disabilities from fully using your products. 

Whether it’s a website, mobile app, or software platform, prioritizing accessibility improves user experience and helps you stay on the right side of the law.

With the rise of global standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and regulations like the European Accessibility Act 2025, more and more businesses are getting serious about accessibility testing. 

However, despite its importance, many teams still struggle to test for accessibility effectively, leaving issues unresolved and users frustrated.

In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about accessibility testing – from the basics to advanced techniques.

You’ll learn about manual and automated testing approaches, get practical tips for carrying out audits, and discover how to make your digital products more inclusive. 

Let’s dive in!

First, why accessibility testing matters

Accessibility testing guarantees that everyone – including people with disabilities – can access and enjoy your digital content. 

It’s not just about ticking boxes for compliance, it’s about making sure no one is left out.

What are the risks of ignoring accessibility?

Simply, skipping accessibility testing can cause big problems. 

The most obvious one? Legal issues. With the European Accessibility Act 2025 coming into effect on June 28, 2025, companies are under pressure to make their digital content accessible. Ignoring it could mean lawsuits and damage to your brand’s reputation.

There is also the user experience factor. Imagine a visually impaired person trying to navigate your website that lacks alt text or uses poor color contrast. Not only do they struggle, but they’re also highly likely to leave your site and never come back.

Making user experience more inclusive

Accessibility is about more than just avoiding lawsuits. It’s about putting users first. Incorporating human-centered design and testing with assistive technologies, like screen readers or the Android Accessibility Suite, makes your content usable for everyone.

Plus, making your site more accessible benefits everyone, not just those with disabilities.

Think keyboard navigation and clear text contrast. These are good for users with slow internet, mobile users, and anyone who appreciates a streamlined experience.

Stay ahead of the curve

Taking accessibility seriously sets your brand apart. It shows you’re proactive, responsible, and committed to inclusion. 

It’s also a competitive advantage – customers appreciate brands that prioritize their needs.

Key standards and guidelines

Let’s talk about standards. 

Accessibility testing is rooted in established standards and guidelines that define how digital products and services should be made accessible. Understanding these standards is crucial for effective testing and compliance. 

Let’s look at the most widely recognized frameworks and regulations that guide accessibility practices.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are the most widely adopted set of guidelines for web accessibility. Managed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), WCAG provides a comprehensive framework organized into four key principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust (often abbreviated as POUR).

WCAG is structured into three conformance levels:

  • A (Minimum accessibility): Basic web accessibility features.
  • AA (Mid-range accessibility): Deals with the most common accessibility barriers.
  • AAA (Highest accessibility): Offers enhanced accessibility, which is often difficult to achieve across all content.

Adhering to WCAG 2.1 AA is typically considered the industry standard for web accessibility.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

The ADA is a U.S. civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. While it initially targeted physical spaces, it has since been interpreted to cover digital environments, especially websites.

Guaranteeing compliance with ADA standards is vital for U.S.-based businesses to avoid legal challenges and public backlash.

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

This regulation mandates that all federal agencies’ electronic and information technology be accessible to people with disabilities. Section 508 compliance is essential for government websites and any businesses that contract with federal agencies.

European Accessibility Act (2025)

The European Accessibility Act (EAA) sets out comprehensive requirements for products and services to be accessible to people with disabilities. It covers websites, mobile apps, e-commerce, and more, making it essential for businesses operating within the EU.

Other international standards

Remember, different countries have their own accessibility requirements, so it’s important to check that you’re covered everywhere you operate.

Here are a few examples:

  • Canada: Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
  • Australia: Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)
  • United Kingdom: Equality Act 2010

By aligning your testing practices with these standards, you ensure that your digital content meets legal requirements and provides an inclusive user experience. 

Types of Accessibility Testing

Accessibility testing can be conducted through various methods, each serving a unique purpose in identifying and addressing accessibility barriers. 

The most effective approach often involves combining multiple testing methods to cover both technical and user-centered aspects. 

Let’s take a look:

Manual accessibility testing

Manual testing involves human evaluators interacting directly with the website or application to identify accessibility barriers. While it can be time-consuming, it offers nuanced insights that automated tools may miss, such as contextual issues or nuanced usability challenges.

Techniques for manual accessibility testing

  1. Screen reader testing: Using tools like NVDA, JAWS, or mobile options like TalkBack to ensure compatibility.
  2. Keyboard navigation: Checking whether users can fully navigate the site using only a keyboard.
  3. Color contrast analysis: Verifying that text and background combinations meet minimum contrast ratios (e.g., using a color contrast analyzer).
  4. Alt text verification: Making sure that alt text for images is meaningful and accurate.
  5. ARIA Roles and Labels: Verifying the correct use of ARIA roles to provide semantic meaning and screen reader support.

Automated accessibility testing

Automated testing tools quickly scan digital content to identify common accessibility issues. While they are efficient at detecting technical problems, they cannot replace the thoroughness of manual testing. 

As a result, automation should complement manual efforts rather than replace them.

Popular automated testing tools

  • Axe Accessibility Checker: Integrates into browser developer tools to find WCAG violations.
  • WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool): Analyzes entire web pages and highlights errors.
  • Pa11y: An open-source tool for testing web accessibility.
  • Lighthouse (by Google): Provides accessibility scores and suggestions for improvement.

User testing with people with disabilities

Testing with actual users who have disabilities is a critical component of a comprehensive accessibility strategy. 

Automated and manual methods often miss real-world challenges that users face, such as navigating complex forms or interpreting content with screen readers.

Key considerations

  • Diverse user base: Involve users with various disabilities, including visual impairments, hearing impairments, and cognitive disabilities.
  • Assistive technology testing: Evaluate how digital products work with tools like Android Accessibility Suite and screen readers.
  • Cognitive load considerations: Make sure that content is presented clearly to reduce cognitive strain, especially for users with conditions like dyslexia.

Practical tips

  • Task-based testing: Give users real tasks to complete, such as filling out a form or navigating to specific content.
  • Feedback gathering: Collect insights about usability challenges directly from users.
  • Accessibility iconography: Use standard icons and symbols that users with cognitive or visual impairments recognize.

Why combining methods is essential

Relying on just one method of testing can leave significant gaps. By combining manual, automated, and user testing, organizations can achieve more comprehensive and accurate results. This multi-faceted approach ensures that both technical compliance and real-world usability are addressed, delivering a fully inclusive digital experience.

Next, we’ll dive into some of the most common accessibility barriers that are uncovered during testing and how to address them effectively.

Common accessibility barriers

Let’s take a look at some of the most common issues you’ll run into during accessibility testing:

  • Missing alt text: Screen readers can’t describe images without it.
  • Poor color contrast: Makes text hard to read, especially for visually impaired users.
  • Inaccessible navigation: If users can’t navigate via a keyboard, that’s a problem.
  • Cognitive load issues: Overly complex content can overwhelm users with cognitive disabilities.
  • Wrong ARIA Labels: Incorrect roles confuse screen readers and users alike.

Fixing these issues not only makes your content accessible but also improves the overall user experience.

How to perform an accessibility audit on your website

Conducting an accessibility audit is a systematic way to find and fix accessibility issues. You need to follow these steps to make sure your digital product meets current standards:

  1. Plan your audit: First, you need to identify the pages and components to test.
  2. Use automated tools first: Make sure you run automated scans to detect common issues.
  3. Conduct manual checks: Test for things that automation might miss, like keyboard navigation and screen reader compatibility.
  4. User testing: Remember to involve real users with disabilities to get genuine feedback on usability; otherwise, you’re basing your findings on assumptions.
  5. Document findings: Create a report outlining detected issues and their severity so you always have a point of reference.

Steps to fix accessibility issues after testing

Once you’ve identified issues during your audit, it’s time to fix them.

  1. Prioritize issues: Focus on high-impact problems first, like navigation barriers and missing alt text.
  2. Implement fixes: Adjust code, design elements, and content based on findings. Our Accessibility Solution aims to make websites more accessible by using AI to scan for issues and automatically adjust code to improve accessibility for users with disabilities.
  3. Test fixes: Re-run automated tools and manual checks to confirm fixes are effective.
  4. Gather feedback: Engage users to test improvements and ensure better usability.
  5. Maintain accessibility: Make ongoing testing part of your workflow to keep your site accessible.

What are the best tools for accessibility testing?

As we know, a workperson is only as good as their tools. Make sure you’re working out what’s best for you and your users.

You can try:

  • Axe Accessibility Checker: A browser extension that finds WCAG violations and helps you correct them.
  • WAVE: A tool that visually highlights accessibility errors on web pages.
  • Lighthouse (by Google): Evaluates accessibility alongside performance and SEO.
  • Pa11y: Open-source tool for automated accessibility testing.
  • Color Contrast Analyzer: Ensures text and background contrast meet guidelines.

Making digital spaces accessible for everyone

Accessibility testing isn’t just about compliance – it’s about making your digital spaces welcoming and usable for everyone. By combining manual testing, automated tools, and user feedback, you can make sure your content is accessible to all.

Take action now to make your site more inclusive. Start testing today and make your digital products better for everyone!